What are the temperature differences between Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Kazan, 5 more?

Rostov experiences the warmest temperatures among the cities, with summer highs reaching up to 36°C in July, whereas Siberian cities like Novosibirsk and Omsk face extreme winter lows below -20°C in January Notably, Saint Petersburg's temperatures are milder compared to its interior counterparts, showcasing a significant temperature gradient influenced by geographical location.

What are the differences in sun/precipitation levels between Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Kazan, 5 more?

The cities of Rostov and Samara experience the highest total sun hours in summer, with Rostov peaking at 10.3 hours in July, while Novosibirsk consistently has lower sun hours, particularly in winter. Precipitation levels fluctuate across the cities, with Saint Petersburg showing notably higher levels in the summer months, particularly in August with 3.56mm, compared to cities like Chelyabinsk and Omsk, which have lower levels overall. Overall, Rostov tends to offer the best sunlight exposure during the summer months along with relatively lower precipitation, making it a favorable climate compared to the other cities analyzed.

What are the differences in astronomy conditions (sunrise, sunset) between Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Kazan, 5 more?

Moscow and Saint Petersburg experience the earliest sunrises in June, with Moscow at 03:46 and Saint Petersburg even earlier at 03:39, while their latest sunrises in December are quite similar, around 08:51 and 09:52 respectively. Notably, Saint Petersburg has the shortest day in December at just 6 hours and 3 minutes, whereas Novosibirsk enjoys a longer day of 7 hours and 16 minutes during the same month, contrasting with its long summer days reaching 17 hours and 16 minutes. Yekaterinburg and Kazan also demonstrate significant variation, particularly in June, where Kazan begins the day earlier than most cities with a sunrise at 03:00. Overall, cities located further north, like Saint Petersburg, exhibit more extreme variations in day length, particularly with shorter days in winter, while more southern cities maintain comparatively longer daylight hours.

Russia: Weather & Climate Comparison

Yearly weather

Calculations are based on the last 8 years of historical weather data.

Temperatures

Rostov experiences the warmest temperatures among the cities, with summer highs reaching up to 36°C in July, whereas Siberian cities like Novosibirsk and Omsk face extreme winter lows below -20°C in January
Notably, Saint Petersburg's temperatures are milder compared to its interior counterparts, showcasing a significant temperature gradient influenced by geographical location.

Maximum Temperatures

Period	Moscow	Saint Petersburg	Novosibirsk	Yekaterinburg	Kazan	Nizhniy Novgorod	Chelyabinsk	Omsk	Samara	Rostov
Jan	-3.8°C	-2.6°C	-11.7°C	-9.5°C	-7.5°C	-5.6°C	-9.9°C	-11.9°C	-7.0°C	2.7°C
Feb	-3.2°C	-2.5°C	-9.1°C	-6.6°C	-6.4°C	-4.6°C	-7.0°C	-9.7°C	-5.6°C	3.3°C
Mar	2.0°C	1.7°C	-2.2°C	-0.4°C	-0.5°C	1.0°C	-0.6°C	-2.2°C	0.5°C	9.3°C
Apr	10.6°C	7.3°C	8.3°C	8.4°C	8.9°C	10.1°C	9.9°C	9.6°C	12.2°C	16.7°C
May	17.0°C	14.0°C	16.9°C	16.7°C	16.7°C	16.5°C	18.2°C	18.6°C	19.3°C	21.2°C
Jun	22.6°C	20.2°C	22.3°C	20.5°C	21.1°C	21.7°C	21.0°C	22.1°C	23.0°C	27.9°C
Jul	24.1°C	21.9°C	24.0°C	24.3°C	24.6°C	24.2°C	24.8°C	24.8°C	26.6°C	31.0°C
Aug	24.1°C	21.1°C	22.7°C	21.6°C	23.5°C	23.7°C	22.7°C	23.1°C	26.1°C	31.9°C
Sep	17.7°C	15.9°C	14.8°C	14.5°C	16.6°C	16.9°C	15.7°C	15.6°C	18.8°C	25.5°C
Oct	9.9°C	8.8°C	7.8°C	6.8°C	8.9°C	9.3°C	8.0°C	8.0°C	11.0°C	17.7°C
Nov	2.5°C	3.3°C	-3.4°C	-2.0°C	0.4°C	1.5°C	-1.4°C	-3.3°C	1.5°C	8.6°C
Dec	-2.6°C	-1.4°C	-10.7°C	-7.5°C	-5.9°C	-4.2°C	-7.8°C	-10.2°C	-5.3°C	4.3°C
Average	7.8°C	8.4°C	10.1°C	9.2°C	6.6°C	7.0°C	16.7°C	9.0°C	10.1°C	7.2°C

Minimum Temperatures

Period	Moscow	Saint Petersburg	Novosibirsk	Yekaterinburg	Kazan	Nizhniy Novgorod	Chelyabinsk	Omsk	Samara	Rostov
Jan	-8.7°C	-7.5°C	-19.5°C	-15.8°C	-13.8°C	-11.4°C	-16.8°C	-19.5°C	-14.1°C	-2.0°C
Feb	-8.8°C	-7.7°C	-17.2°C	-14.2°C	-13.1°C	-11.0°C	-14.8°C	-17.2°C	-12.6°C	-2.0°C
Mar	-4.6°C	-4.1°C	-9.7°C	-8.3°C	-7.2°C	-5.9°C	-8.3°C	-10.0°C	-6.5°C	2.0°C
Apr	2.6°C	0.4°C	-0.4°C	-0.2°C	1.2°C	1.8°C	1.6°C	0.9°C	3.6°C	7.7°C
May	8.3°C	5.9°C	6.8°C	5.7°C	7.5°C	7.3°C	8.0°C	8.0°C	9.7°C	12.1°C
Jun	13.5°C	11.7°C	12.6°C	10.1°C	12.1°C	11.9°C	12.1°C	12.6°C	14.0°C	17.8°C
Jul	15.7°C	14.0°C	14.6°C	13.8°C	15.5°C	15.0°C	15.6°C	15.6°C	17.0°C	20.5°C
Aug	15.3°C	13.4°C	13.3°C	11.9°C	14.3°C	14.2°C	14.0°C	13.8°C	16.2°C	21.0°C
Sep	10.5°C	9.4°C	6.9°C	6.2°C	8.6°C	9.1°C	7.8°C	7.8°C	10.4°C	15.7°C
Oct	4.6°C	4.4°C	1.6°C	0.8°C	3.1°C	3.9°C	2.1°C	2.0°C	4.8°C	9.7°C
Nov	-1.1°C	-0.1°C	-9.0°C	-6.8°C	-3.5°C	-2.3°C	-5.8°C	-8.2°C	-2.4°C	3.1°C
Dec	-6.8°C	-5.3°C	-17.4°C	-12.9°C	-11.2°C	-9.0°C	-13.4°C	-16.4°C	-10.2°C	0.3°C
Average	0.2°C	1.1°C	3.4°C	2.0°C	-1.5°C	-0.9°C	8.8°C	2.9°C	2.5°C	-0.8°C

Maximum/minimum temperature averages are computed by averaging the max/min temperature of each day for a given period.

Conditions

The cities of Rostov and Samara experience the highest total sun hours in summer, with Rostov peaking at 10.3 hours in July, while Novosibirsk consistently has lower sun hours, particularly in winter.
Precipitation levels fluctuate across the cities, with Saint Petersburg showing notably higher levels in the summer months, particularly in August with 3.56mm, compared to cities like Chelyabinsk and Omsk, which have lower levels overall.
Overall, Rostov tends to offer the best sunlight exposure during the summer months along with relatively lower precipitation, making it a favorable climate compared to the other cities analyzed.

Sunny Weather

Period	Moscow	Saint Petersburg	Novosibirsk	Yekaterinburg	Kazan	Nizhniy Novgorod	Chelyabinsk	Omsk	Samara	Rostov
Jan	0.5 hours/day	0.5 hours/day	0.7 hours/day	0.8 hours/day	0.6 hours/day	0.4 hours/day	1.8 hours/day	1.2 hours/day	1.2 hours/day	2.0 hours/day
Feb	0.9 hours/day	0.9 hours/day	1.3 hours/day	1.1 hours/day	0.6 hours/day	0.7 hours/day	1.6 hours/day	1.0 hours/day	1.0 hours/day	2.3 hours/day
Mar	1.8 hours/day	2.2 hours/day	1.3 hours/day	1.5 hours/day	1.6 hours/day	1.5 hours/day	2.7 hours/day	1.7 hours/day	2.2 hours/day	3.7 hours/day
Apr	3.0 hours/day	3.8 hours/day	4.2 hours/day	2.9 hours/day	3.1 hours/day	3.5 hours/day	4.1 hours/day	4.6 hours/day	4.6 hours/day	5.9 hours/day
May	5.2 hours/day	6.3 hours/day	6.0 hours/day	5.6 hours/day	5.5 hours/day	5.4 hours/day	6.4 hours/day	7.0 hours/day	6.9 hours/day	6.4 hours/day
Jun	7.5 hours/day	8.9 hours/day	7.2 hours/day	5.7 hours/day	7.4 hours/day	7.5 hours/day	5.9 hours/day	5.8 hours/day	7.9 hours/day	9.1 hours/day
Jul	6.1 hours/day	6.5 hours/day	6.4 hours/day	7.1 hours/day	7.9 hours/day	6.8 hours/day	7.1 hours/day	6.8 hours/day	8.7 hours/day	10.3 hours/day
Aug	7.0 hours/day	5.5 hours/day	6.0 hours/day	5.0 hours/day	7.5 hours/day	7.3 hours/day	5.3 hours/day	5.8 hours/day	8.9 hours/day	10.2 hours/day
Sep	5.3 hours/day	3.9 hours/day	3.2 hours/day	3.6 hours/day	4.7 hours/day	4.5 hours/day	4.2 hours/day	3.6 hours/day	5.4 hours/day	8.0 hours/day
Oct	2.6 hours/day	1.7 hours/day	3.0 hours/day	2.4 hours/day	2.5 hours/day	2.2 hours/day	3.1 hours/day	3.2 hours/day	3.8 hours/day	6.0 hours/day
Nov	1.5 hours/day	1.3 hours/day	1.2 hours/day	1.7 hours/day	1.5 hours/day	1.4 hours/day	2.0 hours/day	1.5 hours/day	2.4 hours/day	3.7 hours/day
Dec	0.7 hours/day	0.4 hours/day	1.2 hours/day	1.4 hours/day	1.1 hours/day	0.8 hours/day	2.0 hours/day	1.2 hours/day	1.5 hours/day	1.7 hours/day
Average	3.9 hours/day	3.7 hours/day	3.5 hours/day	3.5 hours/day	3.5 hours/day	3.6 hours/day	5.8 hours/day	3.5 hours/day	4.5 hours/day	3.2 hours/day

Sun hours are computed from the number of hours of direct sunlight. The length of the day can affect these measurements; for example, northern cities have longer days in summer.

Precipitation Levels

Period	Moscow	Saint Petersburg	Novosibirsk	Yekaterinburg	Kazan	Nizhniy Novgorod	Chelyabinsk	Omsk	Samara	Rostov
Jan	1.7mm	2.2mm	1.2mm	0.8mm	2.1mm	1.9mm	0.7mm	0.9mm	2.1mm	2.2mm
Feb	1.8mm	1.9mm	1.2mm	0.8mm	2.0mm	1.7mm	0.8mm	0.9mm	2.0mm	1.9mm
Mar	1.4mm	2.5mm	1.5mm	1.1mm	1.7mm	1.6mm	1.0mm	0.8mm	1.9mm	1.5mm
Apr	2.0mm	1.7mm	0.9mm	1.3mm	1.9mm	1.9mm	0.9mm	1.0mm	1.4mm	1.8mm
May	2.6mm	1.4mm	1.3mm	1.5mm	1.8mm	2.2mm	1.5mm	1.2mm	1.4mm	2.2mm
Jun	2.4mm	1.8mm	2.1mm	2.2mm	1.4mm	1.8mm	1.9mm	2.3mm	2.0mm	1.8mm
Jul	2.7mm	2.6mm	1.9mm	2.4mm	2.2mm	3.2mm	2.2mm	1.8mm	1.2mm	1.3mm
Aug	1.7mm	3.6mm	1.8mm	2.5mm	1.5mm	1.6mm	2.4mm	1.9mm	0.7mm	0.7mm
Sep	1.5mm	2.0mm	2.0mm	1.5mm	1.2mm	1.4mm	1.8mm	1.3mm	1.2mm	0.7mm
Oct	1.8mm	2.8mm	1.4mm	1.2mm	1.8mm	2.3mm	1.5mm	1.1mm	1.4mm	1.0mm
Nov	1.8mm	1.9mm	1.9mm	1.1mm	1.8mm	2.1mm	1.1mm	1.1mm	1.7mm	1.6mm
Dec	2.7mm	2.5mm	1.6mm	0.8mm	2.2mm	2.4mm	0.9mm	0.9mm	2.0mm	1.9mm
Average	1.4mm	1.8mm	2.0mm	2.0mm	1.6mm	1.3mm	1.5mm	2.2mm	1.6mm	1.4mm

Average amount of precipitation that falls in a form of a rain, snow, sleet or hail.

Wind Speed

Period	Moscow	Saint Petersburg	Novosibirsk	Yekaterinburg	Kazan	Nizhniy Novgorod	Chelyabinsk	Omsk	Samara	Rostov
Jan	17.9km/h	18.1km/h	19.8km/h	16.0km/h	20.2km/h	18.3km/h	17.2km/h	18.7km/h	16.4km/h	20.3km/h
Feb	16.9km/h	18.2km/h	17.7km/h	14.2km/h	19.1km/h	17.0km/h	17.3km/h	17.3km/h	16.5km/h	20.5km/h
Mar	17.2km/h	18.4km/h	21.4km/h	17.2km/h	20.6km/h	18.2km/h	18.9km/h	20.8km/h	17.5km/h	20.9km/h
Apr	18.4km/h	17.5km/h	20.8km/h	17.0km/h	20.8km/h	19.2km/h	20.3km/h	22.2km/h	19.4km/h	20.3km/h
May	17.7km/h	16.9km/h	21.4km/h	16.8km/h	19.8km/h	18.2km/h	20.4km/h	22.5km/h	19.3km/h	18.9km/h
Jun	16.6km/h	17.2km/h	17.9km/h	16.2km/h	18.6km/h	17.5km/h	19.1km/h	19.6km/h	17.6km/h	19.0km/h
Jul	16.3km/h	16.2km/h	16.0km/h	13.6km/h	17.4km/h	15.9km/h	17.2km/h	17.8km/h	16.9km/h	18.5km/h
Aug	15.2km/h	16.0km/h	16.1km/h	14.2km/h	17.3km/h	15.1km/h	17.9km/h	17.9km/h	16.5km/h	19.9km/h
Sep	17.3km/h	17.5km/h	18.6km/h	15.5km/h	18.6km/h	17.4km/h	19.3km/h	20.3km/h	16.3km/h	21.2km/h
Oct	18.1km/h	19.3km/h	21.0km/h	16.6km/h	20.7km/h	19.1km/h	19.9km/h	20.7km/h	18.0km/h	19.4km/h
Nov	18.2km/h	19.0km/h	21.3km/h	16.1km/h	20.5km/h	19.2km/h	18.8km/h	20.0km/h	16.9km/h	20.2km/h
Dec	17.0km/h	17.8km/h	17.8km/h	15.4km/h	19.3km/h	17.3km/h	17.0km/h	17.8km/h	15.6km/h	21.0km/h
Average	18.6km/h	19.4km/h	17.2km/h	17.7km/h	19.2km/h	19.6km/h	20.0km/h	17.7km/h	17.2km/h	15.7km/h

Humidity

Period	Moscow	Saint Petersburg	Novosibirsk	Yekaterinburg	Kazan	Nizhniy Novgorod	Chelyabinsk	Omsk	Samara	Rostov
Jan	91.4%	91.4%	92.9%	88.6%	94.1%	93.8%	89.5%	93.0%	93.9%	82.0%
Feb	91.1%	91.0%	92.9%	91.0%	94.3%	93.4%	91.3%	93.9%	93.8%	77.5%
Mar	85.7%	84.9%	91.2%	86.3%	90.2%	88.3%	87.0%	91.3%	88.4%	67.1%
Apr	69.0%	76.5%	70.8%	74.8%	76.7%	71.9%	68.4%	67.3%	67.0%	61.9%
May	65.1%	67.7%	57.4%	61.4%	68.6%	69.6%	56.3%	51.7%	60.7%	65.0%
Jun	65.8%	66.8%	71.0%	68.3%	71.7%	70.9%	67.3%	66.7%	68.2%	57.0%
Jul	67.1%	71.0%	72.9%	71.5%	72.0%	72.6%	69.4%	67.7%	64.8%	47.4%
Aug	62.7%	74.5%	70.3%	74.1%	66.9%	67.3%	68.0%	64.5%	56.4%	37.7%
Sep	65.1%	77.2%	71.0%	75.6%	69.1%	69.9%	69.0%	64.3%	60.2%	41.4%
Oct	74.7%	82.4%	69.6%	76.0%	75.2%	76.7%	69.0%	68.7%	65.5%	56.9%
Nov	81.7%	85.3%	87.0%	83.3%	83.2%	82.5%	79.5%	86.2%	78.8%	70.9%
Dec	92.5%	90.7%	92.4%	86.8%	92.4%	92.0%	87.3%	92.3%	90.4%	79.5%
Average	75.2%	79.5%	76.0%	79.1%	78.3%	75.6%	62.0%	80.0%	74.0%	78.1%

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Astronomy

Moscow and Saint Petersburg experience the earliest sunrises in June, with Moscow at 03:46 and Saint Petersburg even earlier at 03:39, while their latest sunrises in December are quite similar, around 08:51 and 09:52 respectively.
Notably, Saint Petersburg has the shortest day in December at just 6 hours and 3 minutes, whereas Novosibirsk enjoys a longer day of 7 hours and 16 minutes during the same month, contrasting with its long summer days reaching 17 hours and 16 minutes.
Yekaterinburg and Kazan also demonstrate significant variation, particularly in June, where Kazan begins the day earlier than most cities with a sunrise at 03:00.
Overall, cities located further north, like Saint Petersburg, exhibit more extreme variations in day length, particularly with shorter days in winter, while more southern cities maintain comparatively longer daylight hours.

Sunrise Time

Period	Moscow	Saint Petersburg	Novosibirsk	Yekaterinburg	Kazan	Nizhniy Novgorod	Chelyabinsk	Omsk	Samara	Rostov
Jan	8:46	9:43	9:41	9:21	8:01	8:24	9:08	9:20	8:43	8:01
Feb	7:54	8:37	8:51	8:25	7:08	7:31	8:17	8:29	7:57	7:26
Mar	6:42	7:13	7:41	7:11	5:56	6:17	7:07	7:19	6:52	6:32
Apr	5:25	5:42	6:25	5:50	4:38	4:57	5:50	6:03	5:40	5:33
May	4:18	4:21	5:20	4:40	3:32	3:49	4:46	4:59	4:40	4:45
Jun	3:47	3:40	4:50	4:07	3:01	3:17	4:16	4:29	4:14	4:26
Jul	4:08	4:07	5:12	4:29	3:23	3:40	4:37	4:50	4:34	4:42
Aug	5:03	5:16	6:04	5:28	4:17	4:35	5:30	5:43	5:22	5:19
Sep	6:02	6:28	7:01	6:29	5:16	5:36	6:27	6:39	6:14	5:59
Oct	7:02	7:41	7:59	7:32	6:16	6:38	7:26	7:38	7:08	6:41
Nov	8:05	8:57	9:01	8:38	7:19	7:43	8:27	8:38	8:04	7:26
Dec	8:52	9:53	9:46	9:27	8:05	8:29	9:13	9:24	8:46	8:00
Average	6:48	5:36	6:18	5:54	7:18	7:00	6:12	6:48	6:30	6:48

Sunrise times are output in the local timezone of each place.

Sunset Time

Period	Moscow	Saint Petersburg	Novosibirsk	Yekaterinburg	Kazan	Nizhniy Novgorod	Chelyabinsk	Omsk	Samara	Rostov
Jan	16:32	16:35	17:34	16:53	15:46	16:03	16:59	17:13	16:55	17:00
Feb	17:34	17:50	18:34	17:58	16:47	17:06	17:59	18:12	17:50	17:44
Mar	18:35	19:04	19:34	19:02	17:49	18:09	19:00	19:12	18:45	18:28
Apr	19:37	20:18	20:33	20:07	18:50	19:13	20:00	20:11	19:41	19:11
May	20:36	21:32	21:31	21:10	19:50	20:13	20:58	21:09	20:33	19:52
Jun	21:14	22:20	22:07	21:50	20:28	20:53	21:35	21:46	21:07	20:17
Jul	21:01	22:01	21:56	21:37	20:15	20:39	21:22	21:34	20:56	20:11
Aug	20:02	20:48	20:59	20:35	19:17	19:39	20:25	20:37	20:04	19:31
Sep	18:46	19:19	19:44	19:15	18:00	18:20	19:10	19:23	18:54	18:32
Oct	17:28	17:48	18:28	17:53	16:41	17:01	17:53	18:06	17:43	17:33
Nov	16:23	16:31	17:26	16:46	15:38	15:55	16:51	17:04	16:44	16:47
Dec	15:59	15:56	17:02	16:19	15:13	15:30	16:27	16:40	16:24	16:34
Average	19:06	17:54	18:36	18:12	19:36	19:18	18:30	19:12	18:48	19:06

Sunset times are output in the local timezone of each place.

Useful Day Length

Period	Moscow	Saint Petersburg	Novosibirsk	Yekaterinburg	Kazan	Nizhniy Novgorod	Chelyabinsk	Omsk	Samara	Rostov
Jan	7:46 hours	6:52 hours	7:53 hours	7:32 hours	7:45 hours	7:39 hours	7:52 hours	7:53 hours	8:11 hours	8:59 hours
Feb	9:40 hours	9:13 hours	9:43 hours	9:33 hours	9:40 hours	9:35 hours	9:42 hours	9:43 hours	9:53 hours	10:18 hours
Mar	11:35 hours	11:51 hours	11:52 hours	11:52 hours	10:49 hours	11:09 hours	11:53 hours	11:53 hours	11:45 hours	11:28 hours
Apr	12:37 hours	13:18 hours	13:33 hours	13:07 hours	11:50 hours	12:13 hours	13:00 hours	13:11 hours	12:41 hours	12:11 hours
May	13:36 hours	14:32 hours	14:31 hours	14:10 hours	12:50 hours	13:13 hours	13:58 hours	14:09 hours	13:33 hours	12:52 hours
Jun	14:14 hours	15:20 hours	15:07 hours	14:50 hours	13:28 hours	13:53 hours	14:35 hours	14:46 hours	14:07 hours	13:17 hours
Jul	14:01 hours	15:01 hours	14:56 hours	14:37 hours	13:15 hours	13:39 hours	14:22 hours	14:34 hours	13:56 hours	13:11 hours
Aug	13:02 hours	13:48 hours	13:59 hours	13:35 hours	12:17 hours	12:39 hours	13:25 hours	13:37 hours	13:04 hours	12:31 hours
Sep	11:46 hours	12:19 hours	12:43 hours	12:15 hours	11:00 hours	11:20 hours	12:10 hours	12:23 hours	11:54 hours	11:32 hours
Oct	10:25 hours	10:07 hours	10:28 hours	10:21 hours	9:41 hours	10:01 hours	10:27 hours	10:28 hours	10:35 hours	10:33 hours
Nov	8:18 hours	7:34 hours	8:25 hours	8:08 hours	8:19 hours	8:13 hours	8:24 hours	8:26 hours	8:40 hours	9:21 hours
Dec	7:07 hours	6:04 hours	7:16 hours	6:52 hours	7:08 hours	7:01 hours	7:14 hours	7:16 hours	7:38 hours	8:34 hours
Average	11:24 hours	10:42 hours	11:12 hours	10:54 hours	11:42 hours	11:30 hours	11:12 hours	11:18 hours	11:18 hours	11:24 hours

Discards daylight hours before 7 AM. In places that are located to the west of the timezone, the sun rises and sets later compared to the cities that are located to the east. This means that the useful day length is longer in the cities located to the west of the time zone.